Publications

Publications

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS FROM 2015 TO TILL DATE

  • A. M. P. Anahas, N. Prasannabalaji and G. Muralitharan. 2025.Unlocking the potential of coal mine microalgae strains: Enhanced biodiesel production and CO₂ sequestration through cultivation optimization. Biomass and Bioenergy, 192: Article ID: 107489. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107489
  • K. Kavitha, U. Yuvaraj, A. Rajalakshmi, G. Suresh, M. Harini, V. Prabakaran, S. Bharathi, R. Puvanakrishnan, B. Ramesh. 2024. Antibacterial Activity, GC MS Analysis and In Silico Validation of Bioactive Compound from Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae EF-9, Chemistry & Biodiversity, e202401448.https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202401448
  • Mary Shamya Arokia Rajan, Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu, Jerrine Joseph, Gangaraj Karyath Palliyath, Kanagasabai Somarathinam, Gagan Kothandan, Kumaran Subramaniyan, Riaz Ullah and Rajaian Pushpabai Rajesh. 2023. Identification of the Seaweed Metabolites as Potential Anti-tubercular Agents Against Human Pantothenate synthetase: An In Silico Approach. Current Microbiology 80, Article No. 318.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03422-w
  • M. Yuvarani, S. Kiruthika, G. Shiyamala, L. Ashokkumar, N. Prasannabalaji and A.A.P. Matharasi. 2024. Mycosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes): Potential Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 36(9): 2191- 2196.https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32363
  • M. Yuvarani, V. Kaviya, N. Prasannabalaji and A.A.P. Matharasi. 2024. Recent Innovations in Biosurfactant Production: Exploring Biomedical and Environmental Applications, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 36(10): 2221–2230. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32425
  • R. Renjith Kumar, B. Iffath, S. Muthaiah,S. Kumaran, G. Abinaya, H. H. Abdurahman, K. Kumaravel and T. Devasena, 2024. Fabrication of Curcumin-Based Electrochemical Nanosensors for the Detection of Environmental Pollutants: 1,4-Dioxane and Hydrazine, Biosensors, 14(6): 291. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14060291
  • A. Kishore Kumar, S. Bharathi, S. Kumaran, B. Reem and M. Saeed. 2024. Antibiofilm and antivirulence activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized from cell-free extract of moderately halophilic bacteria, Microbial Pathogenesis, 193: 106740. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106740
  • A.M.P. Anahas, S. Kumaran, M. Kandeel, G. Muralitharan, J. Silviya, G. Adhimoolam, M. Panagal, S. R. Pugazhvendan, G. Suresh, A. Wilson Aruni, S. Rethinam, and N. Prasannabalaji. 2022. Applications of Natural Violet Pigments from Halophilic Chromobacterium violaceum PDF23 for Textile Dyeing with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potentials, Journal of Nanomaterials, 2022: Article ID: 3885396. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3885396
  • Prasannabalaji Nainangu, Sudhalakshmi Nattanmai Mothilal, Kumaran Subramanian, Murugan Thanigaimalai, Rajesh Kandasamy, Guru Prasad Srinivasan, Suresh Gopal, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Ajay Guru & Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj. 2024. Characterization and antibacterial evaluation of Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles synthesized by halophilic Streptomyces rochei SSCM102 isolated from mangrove sediment. Molecular Biology Reports, 51, Article No. 730.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09666-4
  • Rajesh Kandasamy, Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj, Prasannabalaji Nainangu, Mary Sophiya, Ramanathan Karuppasamy, Sivakumar Nallusamy, Dhanraj Ganapathy and Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai. 2024. Histological validation of in-vivo larvicidal efficacy of marine Streptomyces sp. RD06 secondary metabolites against filariasis causing Culex quinquefasciatus and statistical media optimization for larvicidal derivatives production, Acta Tropica, 255: Article No. 107226.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107226
  • A.M.P. Anahas, N. Prasannabalaji and G. Muralitharan. 2024. Enhancing biodiesel production in Anabaena sphaerica MBDU 105: exploring photo-, hetero-, and mixotrophic cultivation for biomass, lipid, and fuel properties, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2024.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05640-z
  • S. Bharathi, S. Kumaran, P. Saravanan, G. Suresh, S. Reshma, G. Sundararajan and R. Lakshmipathy. 2024. Harnessing the potential of marine bacteria: Production, kinetics, and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 58, Article No.103156.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103156
  • Latha Srinivasan, Abinaya Gayathri, Kumaravel Kaliaperumal, Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu, Arumugam Suresh, Kumaran Subramanian, Sandhanasamy Devanesan, Mohamad S. AlSalhi and Sampath Shobana. 2024. Selenium-chitosan engineered nanocomposite as efficient formulated fish diet evaluated for sustainable aquaculture practice of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) fishes. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 35(6): e6436.https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.6436
  • A. Rajalakshmi, M. Ramesh, R. Sai Thanga Abirami, K. Kavitha, G. Suresh, V. Prabakaran, R. Puvanakrishnan and B. Ramesh. 2024. Discovery of antibacterial biogenic magnetosome nanoparticles from Providencia sp. MTBPRB-1: Screening, purification and characterization. Journal of Biosciences, Volume 49, Article number 54.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-024-00440-z
  • K. Kumaravel, S. Kumaran, S. Akshara, D. Renitta, M. Indumathi, A. N. Miqad, A. M. Obaidan, A. Nawaf and S. Mohd. 2024. Development of smart core–shell nanoparticles-based sensors for diagnostics of salivary alpha-amylase in biomedical and forensics, e-Polymers, 24(1): pp. 20230051. https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0051
  • K. Kumaravel, A. B. Bilal, S. Kumaran, R. Thiruchelvi, C. Elanchezhiyan, A. A. Lamya, A. Irfan, M. A. Nadiyah, S. Mohd and K. Rohini. 2024. In-vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal extracts Tribulus terrestris (L) and Curcuma amada (R) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its associated histopathological studies. Heliyon, 10:1, E24009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24009
  • K. Kavitha, S. Bharathi, S. Kumaran, M. Ponmozhi and G. Suresh. 2024. Exploration of phyto-beneficial traits of halophilic rhizobacteria isolated from the mangrove halophyte Avicennia marina, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection.(Article in Press) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2291844
  • K. Kavitha, S. Bharathi, A. Rajalakshmi, M. Ramesh, P. Padmini, G. Suresh, V. Guruchandran, M. Prakash, R. Puvanakrishnan and B. Ramesh. 2023. Selenium nanoparticles stabilized by fungal chitosan with antibacterial activity – synthesis and characterization. Particulate Science and Technology. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2023.2237438
  • K. Sivasubramanian, S. Sabarinathan, M. Muruganandham, P. Velmurugan, N. Arumugam, A. I. Almansour, R. S. Kumar and S. Sivakumar. 2023. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract. Green Processing and Synthesis. 12(1): 20230018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0018
  • D. Sumithra, S. Bharathi, P. Kaviyarasan and G. Suresh. 2023. Biofabrication of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Marine Streptomyces sp. and Assessment of Its Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant, and In Vivo Cytotoxic Potential, Geomicrobiology Journal, 40:5, 485-492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2023.2196280
  • S. Bharathi, S. Gowri Lakshmi and M. Radhakrishnan 2023. Antioxidant activity of marine bacterial pigments.In: Se-Kwon Kim, Kyung-Hoon Shin and Jayachandran Venkatesan (Eds). Marine Antioxidants: Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications. ISBN: 978-0-323-95086-2. Pages 133-140. Academic Press, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95086-2.00015-1
  • S. Bharathi and M. Radhakrishnan 2023. Symbiotic microbes from corals. In: Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai (Eds). Microbial Symbionts Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (ISBN: 978-0-323-99334-0). Pages 441-456. Academic Press, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99334-0.00004-9
  • E. Anjukam, M. Ramesh, A. Rajalakshmi, K. Kavitha, M. Prakash, G. Suresh, R. Puvanakrishnan and B. Ramesh, 2023. Molecular characterization of potent antibacterial compound 4-(3-methylazetidin-1-yl)pentan-2-ol from Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 47: 102617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102617
  • S. Bharathi and M. Radhakrishnan, 2022. Production, Cost Analysis, and Marketing of Citric Acid. In: Amaresan, N. Dharumadurai, D., Cundell, D.R. (eds) Industrial Microbiology Based Entrepreneurship. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 42. pp 67–78. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6664-4_6
  • R. Palanivelu, S. Sundharam and K. Sivasubramanian, 2022. Nano-characterization and in vitro bioactivity of chemically synthesized fluorapatite. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 58:1603–1614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-022-00797-0
  • K. Kavitha, P. Aarthi, M. Mani 2022. Endophytic fungi Fusarium equiseti EF2 isolated from Leucas aspera: A novel biocontrol agent against Culex sp., International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research. Vol. 12(6), L107-117. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.6.L107-117
  • A. Rajalakshmi, M. Ramesh, E. Divya, K. Kavitha, R. Puvanakrishnan and B. Ramesh, 2021. Production and characterization of naturally occurring antibacterial magnetite nanoparticles from magnetotactic Bacillus sp. MTB17. Journal of Applied Microbiology (Article in press) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15395
  • T. Murugan, P. Deepika, A. Kowsalya, K. Sivasubramanian, R. P. Rejisha and M. Murugan, 2021. Production and characterization of extracellular pectinase from a newly isolated Bacillus species from fruit waste soil. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45(2): 2087-2090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.607
  • T. Chitrikha Suresh, T. V. Poonguzhali, V. Anuradha, B. Ramesh and G. Suresh, 2021. Aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kützing mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles used against bacteria associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43(5): 3038-3043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.376
  • S. Kumaran, A.M.P. Anahas, N. Prasannabalaji, M. Karthiga, S. Bharathi, T. Rajasekar, J. Joseph, S. Guru Prasad, S. Pandian, S. R. Pugazhvendan and W. Aruni, 2021. Chitin derivatives of NAG and chitosan nanoparticles from marine disposal yards and their use for economically feasible fish feed development. Chemosphere. 28: 130746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130746
  • S. Bharathi, B. Ramesh, S. Kumaran, M. Radhakrishnan, D. Saravanan, P. Saravanan, S. R. Pugazhvendan and M. S. Nalinasundari, 2021. Development of nanobiomaterial for wound healing based on silver nanoparticles loaded on chitosan hydrogel. 3 Biotech, 11: Article number: 490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-03030-0
  • P. Saravanan, S. Kumaran, S. Bharathi, P. Sivakumar, P. Sivakumar, S. R. Pugahvendan, W. Aruni and S. Renganathan, 2021. Bioremediation of synthetic textile dyes using live yeast Pichia pastoris. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 22: 101442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101442
  • G. Suresh, B. Balasubramanian, N. Ravichandran, B. Ramesh, H. Kamyab, P. Velmurugan, G. Vijaiyan Siva and A. Veera Ravi, 2021. Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium-contaminated wastewater by Bacillus thuringiensis and Staphylococcus capitis isolated from tannery sediment. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 11: 383–391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01259-y
  • C. Deepa, G. Suresh, P. Devagi, A. Kowsalya, K. Kavitha and B. Ramesh, 2021. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles, doxycycline, collagen and their amalgamation – an in vitro study. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43(5): 3050-3053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.396
  • T. Rajaseka, K. Karthika, G. Muralitharan, A. Maryshamya, S. Sabarika, S. Anbarasu, K. Revathi, N. Prasannabalaji and S. Kumaran, 2020. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using extracellular metabolites of fish gut microbes and their antimicrobial properties. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 51: 957–967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00263-8
  • Sukanth kumar Enmozhi, Vijayalakshmi Ganesan, Manigundan Kaari, Bharathi Selvaraj, Gopikrishnan Venugopal, Jerrine Joseph and Radhakrishnan Manikkam, 2020. Anti-infective potential of marine actinobacteria against carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13882, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 13(8): 3653-3660. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00646.0
  • S. Kumaran, S. Bharathi, V. Uttra, R. Thirunavukkarasu, P. Nainangu, V. Gopi Krishnan, S. R. Pugazhvendan, A. Wilson and B. Deivasigamani, 2020. Bioactive metabolites produced from Streptomyces enissocaesilis SSASC10 against fish pathogens. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 29: 101802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101802
  • S. Kumaran, S. Balamurugan, A. Wilson, K. Alagappan, T. Rajasekar, S. G. Prasad, S. Bharathi, N. Prasannabalaji, R. P. Sampath, E. Anandajothi and B. Deivasigamani, 2020. Bioconversion of chitin and concomitant production of chitinase and N-acetylglucosamine by novel Achromobacter xylosoxidas isolated from shrimp waste disposal area. Scientific Reports, 10: 11898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68772-y
  • S. Kumaran, A. Wilson, M. Karthika, E. Anandajothi, N. Prasanna Balaji, S. R. Pugazhvendan, V. Rajeswari, S. Bharathi, T. Rajasekar and S. Guru Prasad, 2020. Trends in aquaculture feed development with chitosan nano particles – A review. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 13(1): 73 – 78. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/13.1/13
  • S. Kumaran, A. P. M. Anahas, N. Prasannabalaji, S. R. Pugazhvendan, T. Rajasekar, S. Balamurugan, S. Bharathi, G. Suresh, S. Guru Prasad, E. Praveen Kumar, B. Balakrishnan and W. Aruni, 2020. Novel coronavirus (Covid-19): A review on epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular mechanism, therapeutic evidence and preventive measures. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 36(4): 621-631. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/360405
  • S. Bharathi, S. Kumaran, G. Suresh, M. Ramesh, V. Thangamani, S. R. Pugazhvendan and K. Sathiyamurthy, 2020. Extracellular synthesis of nanoselenium from fresh water bacteria Bacillus sp., and its validation of antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 27: 101655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101655
  • N. R Tentu, A. P. B. Balaji, P. Mani, P. Botsa, S. Bharathi, P. Saravanan, W. Aruni, S. Kumaran, S. R. Pugazhvendan and P. Sivakumar, 2020, Nanoremediation of dimethomorph in water samples using magnesium aluminate nanoparticles. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 20: 101176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101176
  • N. Prasannabalaji, A. P. M. Anahas, S. Kumaran, S. Kaliyaperumal, G. Suresh, S. R. Pugazhvendan and A. Wilson, 2020. In vitro screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and characterization of bioactive substances from freshwater cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. SSCM01 and Phormidium sp. SSCM02. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 29: 101772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101772
  • K. Kavitha, S. Sivakumar and B. Ramesh, 2020. 1,2,4 triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ones as novel SARS-CoV-2 Main protease inhibitors: In silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation of potential COVID-19 drug candidates. Biophysical Chemistry, 267: 106478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106478
  • G. Suresh, D. Kokila, T. C. Suresh, S. Kumaran, P. Velmurugan, K. A. Vedhanayakisri, S. Sivakumar and A. V. Ravi, 2020. Mycosynthesis of anticancer drug taxol by Aspergillus oryzae, an endophyte of Tarenna asiatica, characterization, and its activity against a human lung cancer cell line. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 24: 101525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101525
  • B. Ramesh, G. Kavitha, S. Gokiladevi, R K. Balachandar, K. Kavitha, A. C. Gengadharan and R. Puvanakrishnan, 2020. Effect of extremely low power time‐varying electromagnetic field on germination and other characteristics in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) seeds. Bioelectromagnetics, 41(7): 526-539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22292
  • V. Manikandan, P. Jayanthi, A. Priyadharsan, E. Vijayaprathap, P. M. Anbarasan and P. Velmurugan, 2019. Green synthesis of pH-responsive Al2O nanoparticles: Application to rapid removal of nitrate ions with enhanced antibacterial activity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 371: 205-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.11.009
  • R. V. Santhiyaa, A. Wilson, G. Suresh, N. Prasanna Balaji, S. Bharathi, S. R. Pugazhvendan, T. Rajasekar, D. R. Karthikeyan and S. Kumaran, 2019. Applications of feather keratin hydrolysate in divergent fields. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 12(4): 1072 – 1080. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/12.4/30
  • P. Velmurugan, K. A. Vedhanayakisri, Y. J. Park, J. S. Jin and B. T. Oh, 2019. Use of Aronia melanocarpa fruit dye combined with silver nanoparticles to dye fabrics and leather and assessment of its antibacterial potential against skin bacteria. Fibers and Polymers, 20: 302-311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8875-2
  • K. Duriraj, P. Senthilkumar, P. Velmurugan, D. Kavitha, K. Kadirvelu and S. Kumaran, 2019. Sol-gel mediated synthesis of silica nanoparticle from Bambusa vulgaris leaves and its environmental applications: kinetics and isotherms studies. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 10: 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-04922-7
  • K. Durairaj, P. Senthilkumar, P. Velmurugan, S. Divyabharathi and D. Kavitha, 2019. Development of activated carbon from Nerium oleander flower and their rapid adsorption of direct and reactive dyes. International Journal of Green Energy, 16(7): 573-582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2019.1598419
  • C. Vetrivel, B. Balamuralikrishnan, K. Durairaj, P. Sungkwon, P. Velmurugan, C. Ragavendran, S. Sigamani and A. Maruthupandian, 2019. Fabrication and characterization of noble crystalline silver nanoparticles from Ceropegia bulbosa roxb root tuber extract for antibacterial, larvicidal and histopathology applications. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, 11(1): 11-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.2845
  • S. Bharathi, S. Kumaran, G. Suresh, B. Ramesh and M. N. Sundari, 2018. Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hygrophila auriculata leaf extract and assessment of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(6): 112-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.28605
  • M. Velu, P. Velmurugan, S. H. Hong, P. I. Yic, S. H. Jangc, J. M. Suhc, E. S. Jungc, M. Russeld and S. Sivakumar, 2018. Novel green synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide hybrid nanocomposite adsorbent of Prunus yedoensis leaf extract: its catalytic potential to remove phosphate. Desalination and Water Treatment, 130: 124–131. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2018.23045
  • K. Durairaj, P. Velmurugan, K. A. Vedhanayakisri, W. S. Chang, P. Senthilkumar, K. M. Choi, J. H. Lee and B. T. Oh, 2018. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of pathogenic fungal strains isolated from ginseng root rot. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 104: 141-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2018.09.006
  • J. H. Lee, P. Velmurugan, J. H. Park, W. S. Chang, Y.J. Park and B. T. Oh, 2018. Photo-fermentation of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) using probiotic bacteria and LED lights to yield functionalized bioactive compounds. 3 Biotech, 8: Article number: 300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1327-7
  • D. Kaliannan, S. Palaninaicker, V. Palanivel, M.A. Mahadeo, B. N. Ravindra and S. Jae-Jin, 2018. A novel approach to preparation of nano-adsorbent from agricultural wastes (Saccharum officinarum leaves) and its environmental application. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 16: 120-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3734-z
  • S. Sivakumar, P. Anitha, B. Ramesh and G. Suresh, 2017. Analysis of EAWAG-BBD pathway prediction system for the identification of malathion degrading microbes. Bioinformation, 13(3): 73-77. DOI; 10.6026/97320630013073